Improvement in wood-turning lathes



'UNITED ASTATES PATENT OFFICE.

AUGUST BASSE,V OF QUINOY, ILLINOIS.

IMPROVEMENT IN WOOD-TURNING LATHES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 58,758, dated October 16, 1866.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, AUGUST BAssn, of Quincy, Adams county, State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Turning or Cutting Regular and Irregular Forms 5 and I do hereby declare the following description and accompanying drawings are sufficient to enable any person skilled in the art or science to which it most nearly appertains to make and use my said invention or improvements, without further invention or experiment.

The nature of my invention and improvements consists in the combi nation and arrangement of devices described and claimed in the following` specification and referred to in the drawings.

Figure l of the drawings is a plan or top view of my improved machine. Fig. 2 is an elevation of the front side.

In the accompanying drawings, A A are the ways of the frame, on which the head-stock Al and the tail-stock A2 are fastened, the latter being arranged to traverse when required. rlhe head-stock A1 extends back from the ways to form journal-boxes for the shafts B and B1, as showninthedrawings. ThepulleyBisfastened to the shaft B fora belt from some moving power to operate the machine. The pulleys B3 are also fastened to the shaft B for a belt to turn the pulleys B4 and shaft B1, which carries abevel-gear, B5, by the pulley B4, to turn the gear O and screw O1, which turns in the stand C2, fastened to the head-stock Al for that purpose. rIhe screw G1 drives the gear O3, which is fastened to the spindle O4, which turns in the head-stock A1 and carries the post orother article which is to be cut or turned. The center D of the spindle O4 is fitted to turn in the spindle, and may be held still to cut straight grooves by the pawl Dl, which catches into the notches of the colla-r on the center. By turning the screw D2 the center D may be locked to the spindle so as to turn with it and cut spiral grooves when required.

The rear end of the spindle C4 projects beyond the rear of the head-stock, and has the gear D3 fastened to it to turn the small studgear fastened to the gear E, which turns on a stud fastened in the rear of the head-stock, which gear E drives the gear E1,fastened to a hollow shaft which turns on the end of the screw F in the box E2, and carries the bevelgear E3 to turn the stud-gear E4 behind the screw-shaft, which gear turns the gear FI on -the screw, which screw turns in the boxes FZ the direction required. The clutch-box may be moved to lock either gear tothe screw, or release them both, by the lever G, which forks into a groove around the clutch-box, and is held in the required position by the spring Gl, which is notched for that purpose. i

rIhe screw F turns in a nut fastened to the carriage H, to traverse it on the ways A A, to which the carria-ge is fitted. The stand Gr2 is tted to traverse on the rod Grs fastened to the lever G, and the stand, being fastened to the carriage, is carried by it against the stops G4 G4, which may be adjusted at proper places on the rod to be moved by the stand to release the clutch-box from the gear and stop the carriage when required.

The carriage H has ,an upper carriage, H1, fitted to traverse at a right angle to the ways A, and is drawn to the rear by the spring H2, and is drawn forward by the screw H3, which turns in the slide H4, which slide has the roller I turning on a stud in its under side and working against the guide-rail Il, which governs the movement of the carriage H, the roller I being drawn against the guide-rail by the spring H2. The guide-rail I1 is curved inward, as shown in the drawings, and is fastened to the top of the `guide-rail I2, which is straight, and has slot I3 across the end, by which it may be set to turn or cut straight or tapering, as may be required, when the guiderail Il is removed. A guide-rail that Ais serrated, waved, or of other form may be substituted for the guide-rail Il, to turn or cut the form required.

There is a projection on the side of the slide H4 for the adjusting-screw J to turn in and stop the motion of the carriage H1 toward the guide-rail at the desired point to turn or cut agiven size when required, the point of the screw striking the stud J1. The rear end, J2,

ofthe carriage H stands perpendicular, to form a seat for the Vibrating stand J which is made in the form shown, with ahollowhub on its back side itted to a hole in the end J 2, on which hub the stand J 3 Vibrates from a horizontal to a perpendicular position, and

may be fastened in the position desired by the screw J", which passes through a curved slot in the end J2 and screwsl into the stand J3, which stand has the sta-nd K bolted to it for the cutter-shaft K1 to turn in, which carries the cutter-head K2, which may be made inthe form desired, with such a number of knives or cutters as may be preferred or found necessary.

The rear of the carriage H extends back and rises up to form seats or journal-boxes for the hubs of the bevel-gear L, which is fitted to turn in it, which gear has the shaft B passing through it to turn it by a groove in the shaft ttted to a spline in the gear, so that the gear may traverse on the shaft with the carriage H and be turned by the shaft. The right-hand end of the shaft B turns in the stand M fastened to the ways A. The gear L turns the gear L1 and shaft L2, which turns in boxes arranged on the rear of the carriage H, which shaft lextends into the hub of the N, and there is a groove in the shaft tltted to a spline in the hub ot` the gear, so that the shaft turns the gear and allows it to traverse on the shaft as the carriage H1 is moved. The gear N is made concave, to allow the cutter-head K2 to project into it, and the huh of this gear extends through the hub of the stand J 3, andis secured by a collar beyond the end of the huh of the stand. y The gear N turns the gear N and cuttershaft K1 with the cutter K2, to cut or turn the post or other article wrought or worked in the machine. The cutter-head K2 The edges of the knives b are inclined to the radii and axis of the cutter, as shownin the drawings, andthe edges of the knives are set so near the edges of the scores in front of theknives that there is j ust room for the chip or shaving cut to pass in, like it does in a plane, which makes the work very smooth and perfect; and to cut fancy grooves a third knife, like c, Fig. l, may be added.

Itis apparent from the foregoing description that the gearing is arranged to turn the feed-screw either way, and traverse the carriage in either direction on the Ways, and that cutter and its shaft may he set at any angle between a perpendicular and horizontal line, so as to cut right or left hand spirals or screws, as may he required; and by locking the center D straight grooves may be cut, and by changing the guide-rail the cutter may be made to cut straight, tapering, waving, undulating, jagged, or zigzag, or such other form as may be devised that is susceptible of being out by a rotating cutter.

By putting two or more knives on the cutter-head and inclining their edges to the radii and axis of the cutter-head, or making thcedges kof the knives spiral, with a very small opening in front of the knife for the shaving to pass into the groove, I can make very smooth and perfect work.

Having described my improvements, I claim- The arrangement ot the carriage end J2, stand J 3, and stand K, for the purpose of sup porting the cuttcrLshaft K1, and permitting it to be set and fastened at such a position or angle as may he desired, when constructed and operating substantially as described.

AUGUST BASSE.

W itnesses HENRY KERPOHL, WM. J. AL'rHANs. 

